Генетическая психология (методологическая рефлексия проблем развития в психологи)
В книге излагается целостная и системная структура генетической психологии как отдельной специфической отрасли психологического знания.
Повышенное внимание уделяется изучению психологических механизмов развития структур сознания, станоапения межфункциональных психологических систем.
Установлены механизмы присвоения различных культурных средств и их дальнейшее функционирование в структуре психики.
Намечены линии перспективных исследований, в частности, в области пограничных состояний, а также явления опосредствования.
В конце книги приведен обширный список литературы.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение
Проблема и актуальность исследования
1. Генетический принцип в организации психологического исследования
Методологические основы генетической психологии
Метод – предмет
Предмет – метод
2. Генетические теории в психологии
Психическое развитие и обучение: история подходов к проблеме
Развитие – предмет психологии
Культурно-историческая теория развития
Представления о развитии в педагогической психологии
Ассоциативно-рефлекторная теория учения
Теория специфических движущих сил развития
Теория поэтапного формирования умственных действий
Теория управления процессом усвоения знаний
Теория учебной деятельности
Кибернетическая теория обучения
Методологические принципы анализа развития и формирования психических новообразований
Психоаналитические теории развития в зарубежной психологии
Постмодернистские рефлексии проблемы: рассказ о развитии или развитие рассказа
3. Метод в теориях генетической психологии
Классификация методов
Содержание метода науки – теория
Генезис объективного метода в психологии
Принципы познания психических явлений
Структурно-функциональный анализ методов
Теоретические методы
Эмпирические методы
Общая характеристика
Наблюдение
Методы обследования
Экспериментальные методы
Компьютерное конструирование психических новообразований
Современное состояние генетических исследований в психологии
Заключение
Список литературы
Об авторе
Аннотация
Summary
SUMMARY
The book is generalization of the results of longstanding theoretical and empirical investigations of the author and his research assistants. An integral and complex structure of genetic psychology, as a separate specific branch of psychological knowledge, was for the first time covered in home psychology.
Turning to history, the analysis of numerous contradictions of psychological thought (both in domestic and foreign science) made it possible to approach important methodological concepts in the field of psychological phenomena, which constitute the object of genetic psychology, as well as determine major principles and methods of researches. Thus, the comparative analysis of the theories of J. Piaget and L.S. Vyhotskyi allows to speak about two branches of genetic psychology: genetic epistemology (J. Piaget) and genetic psychology. The object of the latter is the rise of psychological phenomena, their origin and development in life processes, functioning and restoration after they’ve lost their functions.
An essential part of the book is devoted to theoretical substantiation of methods of genetic psychology. Our analysis shows that in order to determine an adequate method of investigation the traditional "object-method" dyad should be broadened with a system of ideas about the purposes this field of scientific knowledge, peculiarities of the nature of the phenomena in question obtained in the related sciences. Study of the history of scientific facts and ideas in the given field of knowledge and consciousness of the sphere of reality, which may be covered by the given branch of the science, should be also taken into account. Moreover, the method of investigation can not be absolutely constant, "set". Because in such a case it, firstly, will stop to be adequate to the object (a genesis is absolutely dynamic and mobile). And, secondly - a reflection of scientific facts obtained with its help simply condemns it to the necessity of modification and, consequently, any aspiration for "preservation" of the method would mean a retreat from scientific work as such.
A holistic analysis of the above-mentioned factors allowed us to create a system of principles to build up an experimental and genetic research, as well as to reveal consistency of core logical and operational structures by means of which it is realized. The leading principles are: the principle of analysis "by units", the principle of historicism (a unity of genetic and experimental trends of research), the principle of integrality and the principle of projection (active modeling and reproduction of forms of mentality in special conditions).
Application of the genetic modeling variant of the experimental and genetic method, intensively effected over recent decades in home psychology, allows to determine important regularities of origin and development of various psychological structures (personal qualities, motivation, cognitive processes, creativeness, ways of behavior, etc.). Besides, one may consider the possibility of purposeful formation of preset psychological qualities of a child as a scientifically proved act.
The scientific research of the Ukrainian school of genetic psychology, the results of which are expound in the book, are distinguished by enhanced attention to study of psychological mechanisms of conscious structures development, becoming of interfunctional psychological systems.
The mechanisms of various cultural means obtrusion and their further operation in the mind structure. Thus, the phenomenon of self-development gains a real scientific content.
Research efforts on study of logical regularities of mediacy phenomenon, as a central creative deed of a person directed at the development of his own mentality and minds of other people interacting with the person, are held. The. line of the investigation in the field of critical condition and unsoundness of mind, where the rehabilitation and change of higher psychical functions are studied, are of great interest.
In general, the genetic psychology opens up interesting perspectives to comprehend mysteries of human mind.
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